Futsal World Cup: Differences Created by Winning, Losing and Drawing Variables in Scored Goals and Offensive Variations

Futsal, which can be defined as a new sports branch compared to football, has some shortcomings in comparison with football as well according to the studies carried out. Studies have rather focused on the movement characteristics of futsal players during the game and the physiological effects of games. On the other hand, there are only a limited number of studies conducted on game analysis. Therefore, as the primary goal of the present study, offensive variations that ended up as goals in all matches played in Futsal World Cup were analyzed. As the secondary goal, these parameters were studied in terms of the teams’ winning-drawing-losing states during games. In the present study, a total of 52 matches of the teams playing in 2016 FIFA Futsal World Championship were analyzed. The analyses of the games were performed using the hand notation method. Differences between offensive variations (Diagonal, parallel, central and transition game forms, set games etc.) and the goals scored (shots taken, shots at goal, the area where the goals were scored, the way the goals were scored, the area where the foot hit the ball, block shoots etc.) were determined with One-way Anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests on SPSS version 20 in terms of 3 variables (win-loss-draw). The findings show that the winning teams had significantly more shots than the losing teams (10.80, 95%CI (from 3, 73 to 17, 87) and that the number of shots at goal was also higher (5.82, 95%CI (from 2, 43 to 9, 91) in terms of the teams’ winning-losing-drawing states. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the areas where the shots were taken and the points they ended up at the goal. As for position specific games, on the other hand, statistically significant differences were found in terms of winning, losing and drawing states during the game (central= χ(2) = 10.500, p = .005, diagonal= χ(2) = 17.142, p = .000, parallel= χ(2) = 10.931, p = .004, transition= χ(2) = 28,587 p = .000). No statistically significant difference was found between set games ending up with goals and the teams’ game score variables. The results obtained concerning offensive variations in a superior futsal championship reveal that positional games of dynamic style could be much more effective compared to set games of static starting positions in winning the game. Moreover, producing shooting positions and their accuracy levels seem to be an important factor affecting success. According to these results, it can be recommended that the trainings to be held should be designed to improve positional games that these should be planned as practices that result in shots.


Introduction
Due to the dynamism within the game of football, which can be played in different ways and under different conditions all over the world, the interest in football is gradually increasing.Within this development and growth, the organization and increased popularity of football and similar games around the world have been inevitable (Balyan, Vural & Katipoğlu, 2016).FIFA, the association that forms the structure of this huge organization and helps its reshaping, has been looking for different organizations in order to increase the interest in football and the number of participants and audience.Women's football, beach football and futsal have a particular importance within this body (FIFA, 2016).
Futsal requires a good level of physical, technical and tactical performance since intermittent and high intensity activities are maintained continuously in an area of 40×20 meters and during a game duration of 2×20 minutes (the clock stops when the ball goes out of play).In addition, different game rules such as 6m, 10 m penalty kicks and unlimited substitutions help futsal be played in a far more dynamic structure.Also, the fact that the viewers can watch all the activities in the game from a much closer point to the pitch compared to football has made the audience potential of futsal grow gradually in national and international (countries and clubs) official organizations since the 1930s (Ocak & Buğdaycı,2 As a result of branch.In this 2-2, 4-0 etc.) ( Pivot game: Coming of the player at the position of pivot center-forward to catch the ball from the center (mix pivot) or as the mobile pivot (approaching to borders).
Set plays: Offensive variations taken from set play positions in the form of free kicks, throw-ins, corner kicks, center kicks and throw-outs.
Positional game: Offensive variations that include assisted or non-assisted passes taken in order to make space in the opponent's area and to take the ball to this space.
Parallel game: Movement runs by the playmaker positioned in the center of the field after he/she makes a pass at the winger towards the front of the point where the pass was taken from.The aim of these runs is to take the ball from a closer point to the opponent's goal and to help develop the attack.
Diagonal game: Movement runs by the central playmaker after he/she makes a pass at the winger in cross direction of the point where the pass was taken from.The aim of these runs is to take the ball from a closer point to the opponent's goal and to help develop the attack (9).
6 meter penalty kick: The direct free kick gained by commitment of 10 offences specified by FIFA within the penalty area.
10 meter kick: Direct free kicks taken to the goal from a 10 distance for each foul committed by the opponent after they use 5 fouls in one half.

Data Analysis
Means±standard deviations were determined according to the dependent variables of winning, losing and drawing.Assumption of normality was confirmed with Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Simirnov tests (p >.05).In not normally distributed variables, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were employed to find the differences between groups (winners, losers, drawers).Normally distributed data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.Effect size (eta squared, η 2 ) was used with values of >.06 and >.15 considered as moderate and large, respectively.Where significant main effects/interactions were detected, post-hoc analysis was performed using Tukey's HSD procedure.Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS computer software (Version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Illinois, USA).
The examination of the shots taken showed that a total of 4500 shots were taken, 1615 (35, 8%), of which were shots on goal, 1419 (31,53%) were missing and 1460 (32,4%) of them ended in blocks.The assessments concerning the differences caused by winning, losing and drawing on shot variables are presented in Table 1.Kruskal-Wallis H test results showed that there were significant differences between GoalMinute1 (x 2 (2) =13.674, p=.001), GoalMinute2 (x 2 (2)=24.618,p=.000), GoalMinute3 (χ 2 (2)=19.137,p=.000), GoalMinute4 (χ 2 (2)=15.775,p=.000) while no significant difference was found with GoalMinute5 according to game scores.In order to determine which group caused the difference, paired comparisons were performed in accordance with the Dunn's procedure.Bonferroni corrections were made for multiple comparisons and the statistical level of significance was accepted as p < .016.The results of Post-hoc analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the winner (mean rank= 63.32) and loser (mean rank= 43.04) for GoalMinute1 (p=.001); between the winner (mean rank = 67.56)loser (mean rank = 41.12) and winner-draw (mean rank = 35.20)for (p=.003)GoalMinute2; between the winner (mean e goal (BCBG) G1= χ 2 (2)=29.9mean rank=39.5 ean rank=66.Despite the increase in the number of goals, in our study, no significant difference was found between winning, losing and drawing in the goals scored with set games that start from static positions.This finding can be interpreted as that teams specify the set games they would use as a result of the analyses they carry out and try to perform the defense plans that can prevent them.This issue is also presented as a noticeable change in the report on the 2016 World Cup developed by FIFA (FIFA, 2016).Since there is no other study conducted in this respect in the related literature, failing to make a comparative evaluation is the limitation of our study.
In winning a game, producing shot positions and their accuracy levels are other important factors affecting success.In our study, significant differences were found between winning and losing particularly in the number of shots and shots on target.In the study carried out by Göral and Saygın in 2011, similar results were obtained indicating that shot numbers of the winning teams and shot accuracy ratios at these positions were higher.These findings reveal that winning teams can create positions that allow players with or without ball to take more shots.In this respect, it could be asserted that focusing on mobile offensive variations (transitions, parallel game, diagonal game, pivot game, screening etc) in the design of trainings would allow for creating more space.Producing these positions may help increase the number of shots and their accuracy levels.However, another point to be remembered here is the physical qualities and the shot techniques they have, which means the selection of players who have talent for futsal will be an important factor.In selecting futsal players, it can be said that choosing players who have high capability of mobility, can produce space for himself/herself within the game and can combine these qualities with (successful) shots could be an effective factor is the success of teams even at the starting stage.
In the examination of the zones where shots on goal were taken and their ending points in the goal, important findings were obtained concerning both goalkeepers and players.It was found that kicks taken from the front of the penalty area (4 th -5 th -6 th zones) were towards to side and lower part of the goal pole at a distance from the kicking point to the 4 th and 6 th zones of the goal.The use of these zones made up of 74% of the total goals scored.In kicks from inside the penalty area and the sides close to the goal, it is seen that offense players prefer the central zone (5 th zone) of the goal (52% successful shots).In line with these data, in the shooting practices to be performed, designing target oriented practices can contribute significantly for teams to achieve good results.Additionally, looking from the opposite direction, in training practices of goalkeepers and defense players, performing position taking practices that can close the angles of these zones according to the kicking points can be beneficial in reducing the number of conceded goals.It would make a big difference in the teams' chance of winning in both situations.
In the analysis of the distribution of the winning teams' goals by time (1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 minutes) during the tournament, the winning teams were observed to have been more successful particularly in comparison with the losing teams in terms of all time distributions.Considering that generally more goals are scored in the second parts of both halves in such tournaments, it can be said that this result does not affect winning teams.It could also be stated that winning teams complete all games with a disciplined understanding of game eliminating the effect of fatigue that occurs during the game.

Table 1 .
Results of the one-way ANOVA analysis concerning differences in shot variables according to game scores